Echoes of Atlantic Revolutions

Echoes of Atlantic Revolutions

 Atlantic revolutionaries shared common ideas that came from European Enlightenment.  There were shared across the ocean by books, newspapers, and pamphlets.  These included the ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, and human rationality.  Also, "popular sovereignty", which meant government and authority to govern would be established by people. 

 Atlantic revolutions eliminated monarchs.  They were also known as "democratic revolutions".

 Women, slaves, Native Americans, and men without property did not benefit from the Atlantic Revolutions right away.  However, the revolutions gave them hope to continue fighting for future results.  

 The North American Revolution 
Independence from oppressive British rule.  The Declaration of Independence.  Joining 13 separate colonies into new nation.  The Bill of Rights (separation of church and state, federalism, and checks and balances).  Northern states abolished slavery, however, southern states did not.

 The French Revolution
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which meant that "men are born and remain free and equal in  rights" (Strayer p. 704).  French women were active in the major events of the revolution.  The French revolutionaries were unwilling to give rights to women.  They granted religious freedom to Jews and  Protestants. They abolished slavery. 

 The Haitian Revolution
The French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue. Slaves - 500,000, whites 40,000, and 30,000 free people of color.  After the rumors that king declared end to slavery, the slaves burned 1,000 plantations and killed hundreds of whites and mixed race people.  This was the only completely successful slave revolt in world history, according to Strayer p. 709, "the lowest order of the society - slaves - became equal, free, and independent citizens."

 Spanish American Revolution
Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America. After Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal, removing the king and royal family, the Latin Americans were forced to take action.  However, it took longer to determine what will happen next.  There were too many different races and cultures.  There was a dilemma about nativism.  There were people who were born in America such as creoles (people of mixed European and black descent), Indians, mixed-race people, free blacks.  The enemies were defined as those born in Spain or Portugal. 

 Result of North American Revolution
The country grew increasingly wealthy, industrialized, democratic, internationally influential, and generally stable.

Result of Latin American Revolution
Newly independent countries were underdeveloped,  impoverished, undemocratic, politically unstable, and dependent on foreign technology and investment. 

 Three Major Movements:

  • Abolitionists sought the end of slavery
  • Nationalists hoped for unity and independence from foreign rule
  • Feminists challenged male dominance

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